Women Pioneers :: social issues

Women PioneersWomen living as pioneers in the late 1800s endured many difficulties. However, after(prenominal) accomplishing long sought after goals and overcoming tremendous obstacles, they achieved great lengths and received many honors. Women had to fight for their education, fair wages in highly respected and mostly antheral professions, and lowestly, the right to vote. Females had to work continuously in order to gain respect and achieve a level of equality between themselves and the men surrounding them. When women chose to infer into the working force, they could only attain menial jobs. Nevertheless, some women chose to go one step further.Men working in high-class occupations such as doctors and lawyers did not favour the idea of women working alongside them. Numerous applications for colleges and universities were turned down due to the fact that the applicants were females. Many women were angered by this sexual discrimination and pertinacious to do something ab pop o ut it. Brave women organized lobbyist groups and founded women-only colleges in order to prove that, they too, were worthy of an education. Female perseverance in attending medical school resulted in growing numbers on the medical scene. A few female patients realized that they preferred a female doctor since they perceived that women understood their problems a great deal better than male doctors did. Despite this, it was still frowned upon by men to work alongside a woman. Female lawyers were not seen in the courtrooms until one woman stepped out and dared to challenge the law. Clara Brett Martin became the first female lawyer. Through her years of schooling and hard work, she proved herself to be a worthy candidate. Surprisingly, however, she, among many others was paid less than one- half(a) of what men received, even though both sexes were doing exactly the same work. This same type of sexism occurred with female teachers as well. Even though, by 1870, at least half of all tea chers were women and still, they were paid much lower wages. Female discrimination occurred for over forty years until 1918. The first Womens University enforced the Minimum Wage form in order to protect women from low wages, bad working conditions and long hours. In addition to the other occupations women had opened doors to, there was still one final position they had to attain.During the 1890s-1910s, women were uninvolved in the world of journalism. Unlike men, they were forced to overcome a sexual barrier that prevented them from writing for the newspaper.

Diversifying Teaching Styles to Meet the Needs of All Learners Essay

Diversifying Teaching Styles to Meet the Needs of any LearnersWhen researching about education, one often finds a great deal of literature and information about acquisition styles. Educators spend countless hours studying their savants in order to find out how they learn best. every pupils have needs when it comes to how they learn and educators must be able to meet those needs in order to promote successful accomplishment in their classrooms. This (paper/article) allow for focus on teaching strategies and how to vary them so that each cultivation style preference is addressed, therefore increasing the level of achievement of each assimilator and making information a successful outcome in the classroom. Strategies, or methods of instruction, include the ways in which the content/information is transformed into new learning for the educatees. The content can be transformed directly from the teacher to the student through lecture, demonstration, drill and questioning, o r more indirectly where the teachers role is to facilitate learning situations through grouping, discovery, inquiry, role-play and simulations (Freiberg, Driscoll, 1996). Wilen, Ishler, Hutchison, and Kindsvatter (2000) stress that building a positive, supportive learning environment is an important goal for all teachers who want their students to succeed in learning. To maintain student interest and achieve higher results, they encourage teachers to use a variety of methods. They suggest four strategies for generating an academic climate in the classroom (p. 30) 1) be depute oriented and aware of time. Teachers often find themselves in a situation, which limits the amount of time they can spend on a certain topic. Therefore, it is recommended that teachers try to rema... ..., A. (1996). planetary teaching strategies (2nd ed.). Needham Heights, MA Allyn & Bacon.Hyman, R.T. (1974). Ways of teaching (2nd ed.). New York J.B. Lippincott. Mastropieri, M. A., Scruggs, T. E. (1991) . Teaching students ways to remember. Cambridge, MA Brookline Books.Ornstein, A. C. (1995). Teaching theory into practice. Needham Heights, MA Allyn & Bacon.Plauche-Parker, J. (1989). Instructional strategies for teaching the gifted. Needham Heights, MA Allyn & Bacon, Inc.Tuckman, B. W. (1991). origin and description of and interpersonal construct model of teaching to help student teachers self-actualize. Paper presented an annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Chicago.Wilen, W., Ishler, M., Hutchison, J., Kindsvatter, R. (2000). Dynamics of hard-hitting teaching (4th ed.). New York Addison Wesley Longman Diversifying Teaching Styles to Meet the Needs of All Learners EssayDiversifying Teaching Styles to Meet the Needs of All LearnersWhen researching about education, one often finds a great deal of literature and information about learning styles. Educators spend countless hours studying their students in order to find out how they lear n best. All students have needs when it comes to how they learn and educators must be able to meet those needs in order to promote successful learning in their classrooms. This (paper/article) go away focus on teaching strategies and how to vary them so that each learning style preference is addressed, therefore increasing the level of achievement of each student and making learning a successful outcome in the classroom. Strategies, or methods of instruction, include the ways in which the content/information is transformed into new learning for the students. The content can be transformed directly from the teacher to the student through lecture, demonstration, drill and questioning, or more indirectly where the teachers role is to facilitate learning situations through grouping, discovery, inquiry, role-play and simulations (Freiberg, Driscoll, 1996). Wilen, Ishler, Hutchison, and Kindsvatter (2000) stress that building a positive, supportive learning environment is an importa nt goal for all teachers who want their students to succeed in learning. To maintain student interest and achieve higher results, they encourage teachers to use a variety of methods. They suggest four strategies for generating an academic climate in the classroom (p. 30) 1) be line of work oriented and aware of time. Teachers often find themselves in a situation, which limits the amount of time they can spend on a certain topic. Therefore, it is recommended that teachers try to rema... ..., A. (1996). general teaching strategies (2nd ed.). Needham Heights, MA Allyn & Bacon.Hyman, R.T. (1974). Ways of teaching (2nd ed.). New York J.B. Lippincott. Mastropieri, M. A., Scruggs, T. E. (1991). Teaching students ways to remember. Cambridge, MA Brookline Books.Ornstein, A. C. (1995). Teaching theory into practice. Needham Heights, MA Allyn & Bacon.Plauche-Parker, J. (1989). Instructional strategies for teaching the gifted. Needham Heights, MA Allyn & Bacon, Inc.Tuckman, B. W. (1991) . stock and description of and interpersonal construct model of teaching to help student teachers self-actualize. Paper presented an annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Chicago.Wilen, W., Ishler, M., Hutchison, J., Kindsvatter, R. (2000). Dynamics of effective teaching (4th ed.). New York Addison Wesley Longman

How did the Tsar survive the 1905 Revolution? Essay -- essays research

How did the Tsar survive the 1905 Revolution?IntroductionControversy surrounds whether or not the transformation was a dress rehearsal for the 1917 revolution or a missed opportunity for Tsar Nicholas II to consolidate a constitutional monarchy.This dissertation will focus on the survival of the Tsar, as it is ultimately an open question whether he would have saved the monarchy. The dissertation will also reveal that in the Tsars heart was more in reaction than reform. This coursework will show that part of the key to the monarchys survival was the division of the opponents of Tsarism. It took World War I to cause a major(ip) breakdown in relations that left the monarchy open to further revolution through total war.The 1905 revolution was the result of the Russo-Japanese war which broke out in 1904. The war saw military and naval defeats for the Russian forces. There were food shortages in cities and the Soviets (assemblies of workers and soldiers re marchatives) were formed in St . Petersburg and Moscow. The event which started the whole revolution in the Russian Empire was Bloody Sunday the event of the massacre of armament workers by Cossacks in front of the Winter Palace at St. Petersburg. The leader, Father Gapon, wanted to present the Tsar a petition requesting an improvement of living conditions and more freedom of expression. Riots spread to Odessa, the Black Sea Port and to Moscow where the Soviets were formed and Trotsky became involved. The battleship Potemkin mutinied and seek to help the Odessa rebels. There was a film made by the director Eisenstein which implied that the 1905 rebellion gave the momentum to a new revolutionary movement. However, ultimately, the revolution of 1905 was suppressed in the short term.Summer brought mutinies from both the navy and army. The loss against Japan at Port Arthur and defeat at Tsushima far from strengthened the position of the Tsars government, in fact had weakened it. Autumn saw the transformation of indu strial discontent give way to an all-out strike. It was then that the Soviets began to form-councils to demand improvements for the workers, led by Lev Trotsky.Disturbances and riots such as Bloody Sunday clearly proved to be a challenge to the Tsarist system. There are key factors which allowed the Tsar to survive. We cornerstone isolate three factors which enhanced the Tsars survival the loyalty of... ...l and social grievances. Stolypin was dropped and he had been assassinated by 1911. The Duma was distrusted and total war after 1914 hustling the road of revolution by 1917. The Tsar survived the 1905 Russian Revolution by a combination of repression, economic reforms and tactics which divided the opposition.BibliographyAscher, Abraham (1992) Second Edition The Revolutions of 1905, Stanford University Press.Bushnell, Albert (1985) revolution amid Repression Russian Soldiers in the Revolution of 1905, Indiana University Press.Evans, David and Jenkins, Jane, (2001) Years of Russi a and the USSR, 1851-1992, Hodder and Stoughton Educational. Karpovich, Michael (1960) Imperial Russia, Holt, Rhinehart and Winston Inc.Lynch, Michael (2000) Reactions and Revolutions Russia 1881-1924, Hodder and Stoughton.Lynch, Michael (2000) The Russian Revolution Russia 1881-1924, Hodder and Stoughton.Morris, Terry and Murphy, Derrick (2000)Europe 1870-1991 HarperCollins EducationalPipes, Richard (1990) The Russian Revolution 1899-1919, Alfred A. Knoph Inc., Pipes, Richard (1970) Struve Liberal on the left, 1870-1905 Cambridge Massachusetts Press.

The Effects of Japanese Civil Society on Policy-Making :: Government Political Science Japan Papers

The Effects of Japanese Civil Society on Policy-Making I. IntroductionMy participation in this protrude began after studying Japan for four years as an undergraduate and realizing I knew relatively little of the countrys semipolitical atmosphere. I false after reading Western political scholars views on the subject, that it was a relatively homogonous nation and only after the Occupational Authority entered Japan had the country emerged with participatory ideals and a true notion of liberal rights. It is true that citizens movements are a comparatively recent modern phenomenon in a country filled with millennia of moneyed cultural and political history. Still today, however numbers of Westerners, including some scholars, see Japan through Orientalisms foreign and exotic eyes and continue the supposition that hierarchy rules politics and the working class disengages themselves from day-to-day politics. This paper not only attempts to present a broad understanding of Japans pol itical history, but also show how civil society has transformed from early Meiji society to post World War II restructuring. While outsiders believe majority rule and liberal rights are an inherently novel part of Japanese culture, this paper illustrates the historical basis for a rich electorate, thriving with individual and interpersonal interest in freedom, rights, and the political environment around them.The cleavages that divide civil society and the government policy-making in Japan have been written about at length. The groups examined in this paper, including the Meiji Popular Rights Movement and the post World War II environmental movement, formed organizations to address the conflict that constantly attacked their personal values. In all(prenominal) case, the government refused to proactively respond, from the lack of representation during the late 19th century to the pollution that destroyed lands and lives in the 1960s and 1970s. Both of these groups asked for policy changes from local governments in indian lodge to promote their efforts through political participation, and some of these measures progressed to national levels. From the beginning of the Meiji Restoration to today, Japan exhibits dramatic progressive political awareness and engagement, therefore I cut through any allegation that Japan was undemocratic until General MacArthurs restructuring in 1945. Throughout the scholarly debate and the execution of factual evidence, three problems arise in the comparative analysis of the two examples. The first consists of the argument that Japans civil society, specific to the two time periods analyzed in this paper, was formulated instantaneously within and of the state.

The Management of 21st Century: Hong Kong Essay -- essays research pap

Hong Kong is the most suitable place for transmission line. It is characterized by its high degree of internationalization, business friendly environment, rule of law, free trade and free flow of information, open and fair competition. Therefore, the business management is a very important part in the business. The management of Hong Kong includes the external environment and the internal environment.The external environment includes the economic environment, fight marketand social environment.In the economic environment, Hong Kong has faced the Asian financial turmoil in 1997. But now, the overall economic condition progressively improved. Later, China will be a member of the World Trade brass section (WTO). Hong Kong willgain a lot of business opportunity in different trades, such as banking, insurance,telecommunication. Those businesses need the new management for their future. For example, they must platform the new organizations goals, or they estimate the demand of human resources in the future. However, this phenomenon will disappear very soon when China would be a member of WTO after two years. It is because Hong Kong whitethorn not be the intermediate between China and the world since China will open their market for the world. Therefore, the Hong Kong companies may plan how to reduce the labour supply within an organization at that time.In the labour market, manpower is Hong Kongs most treasured asset. Because of much labour supply, it does no...

The Management of 21st Century: Hong Kong Essay -- essays research pap

Hong Kong is the most suitable place for business. It is characterized by its high degree of internationalization, business friendly surround, rule of law, bump trade and free flow of information, open and fair competition. Therefore, the business management is a very important part in the business. The management of Hong Kong includes the external environment and the internal environment.The external environment includes the economic environment, press marketand social environment.In the economic environment, Hong Kong has faced the Asian financial turmoil in 1997. solely now, the overall economic condition progressively improved. Later, China will be a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO). Hong Kong willgain a lot of business opportunity in different trades, such as banking, insurance,telecommunication. Those businesses need the new management for their future. For example, they must plan the new organizations goals, or they estimate the demand of human resources in the future. However, this phenomenon will disappear very soon when China would be a member of WTO after ii years. It is because Hong Kong may not be the intermediate between China and the world since China will open their market for the world. Therefore, the Hong Kong companies may plan how to reduce the labour supply within an organization at that time.In the labour market, manpower is Hong Kongs most treasured asset. Because of much labour supply, it does no...

Prevention of Colon Cancer through Proper Nutrition Essay

Incidence colon pubic louse is the third most often diagnosed crabby person and is the second unproblematic front of cancer deaths in North America. The incidence is venturely 650,000 cases every socio-economic class worldwide and has been increasing in the past few years.However, the mortality rate has lessen in 2002 the worldwide incidence was 278,000 male and 251,000 female cases every year (Landis, Murray, Bolden, & Wingo, 1999). In people 65 years or older, the incidence rate of colon cancer is 70% (Parkin, Whelan, Ferlay, Raymond, & Young, 1997). In people not more than 65 years old, the incidence is about 120 new cases for every 100,000 inhabitants every year in people aged 55-75, the incidence of colon cancer is approximately 200 for every 100,000 inhabitants every year (Jemal et al., 2004) The lifetime danger of colorectal cancer in the general population is 2.5% to 5%, which means that 25-50 out of 100 people will get colon cancer in their lifetimes (Adrouny, 2002). This risk is change magnitude two- or threefold if there is a first-degree relative who has had an adenomatous polyp or cancer. Mortality is about 90 for every 100,000 inhabitants per year (Jemal et al., 2004). The male-to-female ratio varies from 1.0 to 1.4 depending on the neoplasm registry that is reporting the data (Adrouny, 2002). The risk of colon cancer increases with age. The majority of cases occur in people over the age of sixty. In people between the ages of forty and fifty years the incidence of colon cancer is 15 new cases per 100,000 persons (Adrouny, 2002).Modifiable Risk Factors trance many mechanisms remain ambiguous, many studies gameyher indicated that a number of lifestyle and dietary work outs atomic number 18 apt(predicate) to watch significant consequences on the risk of colon cancer. Smoking early in life, likely in combination with a diet that has no or low in or so micro nourishings like methinine and folate, is likely to increase the risk of col on cancer. separate environmental exposures, such as smoking, are also likely to be involved in causing colon cancer. Moreover, overeating, weight gain in adulthood, and corpulency are strongly implicated as risk reckons for colon cancer. Not only are obesity and weight gain associated with the presence of adenomatous polyps, but so is weight variability over a period (Adrouny, 2002). Physical inactivity or sedentary occupation is also a major risk factor for colon cancer. According to Giovannucci (2002), processed meats, red meat, and possibly refined carbohydrates whitethorn increase colon cancer risks. Also, more recent evidence show that continuing hyperinsulinemia is likely to have an shape on colon cancer risks. As insulin resistance and subsequent hyperinsulinemia is induced by excess energy intake and some characteristics of the Western diet, such as refined carbohydrates and pure(a) fats, insulin may contribute to colon cancer (Giovannucci, 2002). In addition, agents with chemopreventive properties like postmenopausal estrogens and aspirin are likely to have unpleasant effects, thus making general recommendations require a cautious consideration of the risk-benefit ratio.Non-Modifiable Risk Factors Although the genetic and biochemical mechanisms of colon cancer may still be incompletely understood, it is acknowledged that the anatomic precursor of colon cancer is the adenomatous polyp. Basically, adenoma is a benign growth from a glandular tissue a polyp is a growth protruding from a mucous membrane. People who have adenomatous polyps in the colon are at increased risk of evolution cancer. One major non-modifiable risk factor is the familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP).Here, an affected individual begins hundreds or thousands of polyps by his or her teen years, any one of which may develop into a cancer. Preventive action, usually consisting of repeated examination or removal of the colon, is necessary, along with careful screening of family m embers for this disorder. The Gardner syndrome is probably a variant of FAP it occurs about fractional as frequently and has similar clinical features. It may affect the small intestine as well as the colon. Oldfield and Turcot syndromes might be related to FAP. While the former is associated with sebaceous cysts, the latter is associated with tumors of the central nervous system and may be transmitted by an autosomal recessive gene. Another risk factor for colon cancer is hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC). Although these forms of colon cancer arise from polyps, individuals do not have an abundant proliferation of polyps as in the abovementioned polyposis syndromes. The polyps that are found in family members have an extraordinarily high likelihood of progressing to cancer.Prevention The large body of evidence shows that it is feasible to prevent colon cancer. In their study, Emmons et al. (2005) approximate that a significant fraction of the colon cancer risk in th e middle-aged men in the United States might be avoidable with optimum common lifestyle and dietary behaviors. National recommendations and clinical practice and for adult men and women in the US already promoted the following for the prevention of cancer in general, and colon cancer in particular controlling of obesity, quitting smoking, limiting alcohol intake, increasing physical activity, consuming more fruits and vegetables and diets that are low in saturated fat (American Cancer Society, 1996).The following prevention practices are specifically aimed at middle aged (30-50 years) American men. As mentioned earlier in this paper, there is a higher incidence rate of colon cancer in men than women, and that this age bracket is highly at risk for colon cancer. The focus is the primary prevention of colon cancer by consuming more fruits and vegetables. The consumption of fruits and vegetables as a measure in preventing colon cancer has been supported in many studies (e.g., Smith-War ner, Genkinger, & Giovannucci, 2006). It was found that for total vegetables, 75% of the results reported in 22 case-control studies suggested that colon cancer risk was reduced by at least 20% for those in the highest compared with the lowest intake category, with 33% of the estimates indicating that the reduction in risk exceeded 50%.For total fruits, the results have been less consistent among 19 case-control studies 48% of the risk estimates suggested at least a 20% reduction in risk and only 11% showed more than a 50% lower risk for the highest versus the lowest intakes (Kousnik et al., 2007). Furthermore, in an earlier review of 21 case-control and four cohort studies by an international panel, credible evidence was found that vegetable consumption indeed reduces colon cancer risks (World Cancer Research Fund, 1997). Studies have also suggested that dietary calcium plays a role in protecting against colon cancer it may do so by binding fatty acids and bile acids and directly inhibiting abnormal growth of colon epithelial cells. Fruits and vegetables are thought to reduce the risk of colon cancer because they have a higher composition of fiber compared to other diets. On the other hand, diets low in fiber and high in fat intake are thought to increase the risk of the cancer. Thus, it is not surprising that, in Africa and Asia, where dietary customs place emphasis on high-fiber, low-fat foods, fruits, and vegetables, people have lower incidence of colon cancer compared to the United States and Europe. The major explanation for the protective effect of cereal fiber is not known. One of the most convince theories is that fiber has a dilutional effect on fecal ingredients which may cause development of cancer. It also has an effect on the faster passage of stool through with(predicate) the bowel, thus reducing cell damage and contact time (Adrouny, 2002).In general, however, more recent epidemiologic research has tended not to support the strong influence of fiber in preventing colon cancer instead, some phytochemicals or micronutrients in foods rich in fiber may be important. Folate is one nutrient that has of late been receiving much attention and is increasingly being studied in randomized intervention trials. Recent research suggests that persons who supplement their diet with at least 800 micrograms of the vitamin folic acid on a daily basis have a reduced incidence of colon cancer (Adrouny, 2002).ReferencesAmerican Cancer Society. (1996). Guidelines on diet, regimen, and cancer prevention. Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 46, 325-341.Giovannucci, E. (2002). Modifiable risk factors for colon cancer. Gastroenterology Clinic North America, 31, 925-43.Jemal, A., Clegg, L. X., Ward, E., Ries, L. A., Wu, X., Jamison, P. M. et al. (2004). Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 19752001. Cancer, 101, 327.Koushik, A., Hunter, D. J., Spiegelman, D., Beeson, W. L., van den Brandt, P. A., Buring, J. E. et al. (2007). Fruits, V egetables, and Colon Cancer Risk in a Pooled Analysis of 14 Cohort Studies. Journal of National Cancer Institute, 99, 1471-1483.Landis, S.H., Murray, T., Bolden, S., & Wingo, P. A. (1999). Cancer statistics 1999, Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 49, 831Parkin, D. M., Whelan, S. L., Ferlay, J., Raymond, L., &Young, J. (Eds.). (1997), Cancer Incidence in Five Continents. Lyon IARC Press.Smith-Warner, S. A., Genkinger, J., & Giovannucci, E. (2006). Fruit and vegetable intake and cancer. In D. Heber, G. L. Backburn, V. L. Go, & J. Milner (Eds.), Nutritional oncology (97-173). Burlington, MA Elsevier.World Cancer Research Fund. (2007). Food, nutrition and the prevention of cancer a global perspective. Washington (DC) American Institute for Cancer Research.

Experience as a Writer

My experience as a writer as another individual in society and being student in school writing is a part of life. Living in another state and being so far away from family I write my carry through ones back home because a letter can mean much than a phone call sometimes. Going to school writing is everyday topic between appointees and taken notes every time you write your writing skills get better. Certain jobs require written answer on their application in distinguish to get hired. Im pretty sure in the career Im choosing ill encounter question that require writhing answer. makeup to me is a valuable ability. It plays s a major role in communication. Under certain circumstance an individual may person could be in the military away to basic training or overseas and dont have access to electrical devices. To be honest I rattling dont like writing because I had bad experience about not staying on topic or not making complete sentence. I have a hard time by you use punctuation in the right way. I dont know how to snaffle people attention when Im writing. I have a hard time staying on one topic.I love to learn more about it and have better experiences as a writer. My 10th grade year in high school, my English teacher gave us an writing assignment which was an essay before Christmas break the last day of school and to start Christmas break my teacher gave us our grad and mines was below passing. Focuses an advancing my writing in skills in which I did passed my English class for the year. I realized that in order to do better you have to put forth the effort and aim once success is made it only make you want to keep succeeding in away is motivation.

Film Study: the Shining

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The Accomplishments of the Greeks

THE ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF THE GREEKS The ancient Greeks had many acts including philosophical beliefs, intellectual ideas and artistic developments. They used many forms of expression to express their philosophical, intellectual, and artistic achievements. These forms essentially made up their culture and defined their animationstyle. In instrument 1, the philosophy of Socrates stated that humans should analyze their lives. This is an accomplishment because it shows that Greek philosophy was the beginning of modern ideas.As stated in document 2, Aristotle believed that human reason is important in order to have a good life. Aristotles rational thought was an accomplishment because it questioned aspects of Greek society. This document was created at this time because it shows the teachings and beliefs of Aristotle that were conveyed to the people. As seen in document 3, the government in Greece around 430 B. C. E. , was set up similar to a republic. register 3 describes the elected form of government that was used to radiation diagram Greece.One of the reasons Greece was so successful was the system of government in place favored fairness and equal opportunity. Pericles was the greatest Athenian democratic ruler. This proved to be an intellectual achievement because it shows that the rulers of Greece at this time were able to form a system of government that was able to effectively rule the people. As seen in document 4, the Greeks had doctors and people specialized in the medical field. This is an intellectual accomplishment of the Greeks because it shows that they had job specialization within the culture.Job specialization is only executable in thriving societies, thus proving Greek was a prosperous civilization. Document 5, describes a geometrical theorem that is still used in mathematics today. This is an intellectual accomplishment because it was written around 300 B. C. E. , and still remains true today. In document 6, an excerpt from the play Antigon e, common Greek beliefs are conveyed through the characters. As shown in document 7, the Parthenon is an example of Greek architecture, wealth, and religious beliefs. The culture and values of Greece at that time, is displayed through the art that was created.Sculptures, such as the one in Document 8 show the importance of athleticism and the Olympic Games in Greek society. Art was a way for the Greek to express their thinking and way of life in a creative format. An additional document that would be helpful in understanding the accomplishments of the Greeks, would a map of the trade routes throughout the Mediterranean and pitch blackness sea. This would show how the Greek culture was able to be spread throughout the Mediterranean Basin. It would also show how the Greeks were able to gain wealth and how it affected their culture.

Comparison of Two Film Versions of Romeo and Juliet Essay

In this essay you will read a comparison of two buck versions of Romeo and Juliet. One film is made by Baz Luhrmann which is made in 1997, while the other film is made by Franco Zeffirelli in 1968. I will compare these two Romeo and Juliet films by appearing at the directors techniques and the characters. Baz Luhrmanns techniques were to use many different angles. He used the high angle, the low angle and the normal angle which is on substance level.He used the high angle at the very beginning of the movie when Shakespeares famous sonnet was read and when Baz Luhrmann was showing an overview of the city Verona. He used the low camera angle when Tybalt and some others of the Capulet family came, ready to take the field with the Montegues. The low camera angle was used to film the cowboy shoes of the Capulet, and wherefore the camera went up, from the low angle, to his face to make him image more powerful. The normal camera angle was used a lot, for example when a Montegue was hi ding layabout the door of a car.He made the fight take place at a petrol station for a bigger spectacle because of the guns that were used. Baz Luhrmann made his film look very modern, so did he with the characters. The Montegues would wear an open fit out with flowers on them that you normally only were at the beach or hello and one of them had pink hair.. They wore that when they were driving around in the car and when they were fighting. Baz Luhrmann made the Capulets look angry, mean, and dangerous. They would were metal cowboy shoes, ear rings, black leather pants, and a shirt without sleeves.They looked like a dangerous fighting gang during the fight with the Montegues. Even though the film looked modern, the characters did say the original words that Shakespeare wrote. Therefore, the elder English with the old English accent was used. Franco Zeffirellis techniques were to use a lot of normal angles. He used that all the time in the film. He used it when masses were talki ng to each other and when the families were fighting. He only used the high angle when he was giving an overview of the market.In this film, the location was the same all the time, the fight and the market took place in the streets, like how it is supposed to be because after the fight the Prince says if you disturb our streets again The characters would look more normal and natural. They did not grant ear rings or weird hair. The characters would look like the people that lived at that time. They wore the colours of their family, sometimes a cape, and a little hat. This video would look much more like the original play. They also used horses to travel with.As well in this movie they would use Shakespeares original text edition and the old English accent. After this comparison, I prefer Franco Zeffirellis movie because it is more original and you can see better how Shakespeare meant the story too look like. Baz Luhrmanns film was too modern and did not have anything to do with the time the story of Romeo and Juliet take place. Franco Zeffirellis techniques may be very simple, further that is how the story is supposed to be shown. Franco Zeffirellis movie is better because it looked more like the real play.

African American Culture 5 Essay

Question 4 African cultures, by and large, bring a comparable introduction view to the relationship between man and the spiritual realm, one that is marked by an extremely ad hominem interaction. In the broader African spiritual innovation human beings ar seen to be under the constant influence of other lot, their ancestors, minor deities, the Creator, and various forces of nature. As a ensue the African spiritual world can be described as interactive since alone things are endowed with life-force. How is this idea expressed in ritual approaches to morality, wrongdoing, and spiritual empowerment?African the Statesn religion has ever so been heavily involved and influenced by the notion of morality, wrong doing and spiritual empowerment since the slave days if not earlier, African the Statesns came to handle Protestant Christianity and adapted their own version of it which is consistent with evidence in the 19th century and a teeny bit of the 18th, at the time Christianity had little effect on slave society done the efforts of Anglicans, but it was not because African Americans rejected the gospel but because whites seized Christian brotherhood from blacks.As blacks in the South and in the British Caribbean struggled to develop individual and collective identities from the ideas and ways of African culture and their rude(a) conditions of life, the series of efforts by evangelistics to convert slaves eventu altogethery gave beginning to a distinct African-American form of Christian theology, worship style, and religious community. The importance of religion and having their own force on it is among African Americans, as among all people, rests on fulfilling the human need for an understanding of ones place in both the spiritual and temporal world.Although it was difficult, African Americans discovered in evangelical conversion requirements an opportunity to reassert personal authority based on their ability to communicate directly with God and to b ring others to recognize the need for personal repentance and acceptance of Jesus. A perfect example that supports the connection between religious involvement and a sense of personal identity, is build in a slave woman who, back then it was not common for them to tell missionaries that her people find come from across the sea and lost their father and mother, and indeed want to know the Father.The displacement of Africans, for whom locality was critical to interactions with the spiritual world, did not strip them of their religious identity, but required them to learn the spiritual landscape of their new home base and reshape their practices accordingly. Come Shouting to Zion details the many religious rituals that Africans preserved in the new world, especially those surrounding fundamental life events much(prenominal) as the birth and naming of children, marriage, burial ceremonies, and ritual move and singing to communicate with ancestors and deities.The influence of Afri cans with many diverse but fundamentally similar cultures in a strange new land encouraged slaves to form new pan-African cultures, which grew increasingly popular as later generations of slaves were born(p) into bondage in America, establishing a distinct African-American culture. The pidgin African-English is a prime example of Africans in American creating a system of communication that was not traceable to a particular African ethnic origin, nor was it a perfect imitation of American English, but was instead divided by blacks in America.As slaves first encountered a foreign address that whites wished them to learn well enough to be more productive but not well enough to pose a threat to the race-based socioeconomic hierarchy, so they became acquainted with Christianity at the will of whites, but when given the opportunity, appropriated it for their own purposes. In the early encounters between slaves and Christianity it is without question that African, and particularly Ameri can-born slaves, sought a spirituality that would apologize or show their temporal condition.Some salves looked to a theology of liberation and equality among Christians, which they could glean from 18th century evangelicals, aboutly Anglicans, who tried to downplay these aspects of biblical t from each oneing. The early period of evangelism was restricted by the fears of slave-owners that slaves who converted to Christianity would feel empowered to revolt against their bondage. Several conspired rebellions and many smaller incidents of black assertion were linked to blacks who had perceive enough preaching to identify themselves with the enslaved nation of Israel.This fed the fears of whites, and Anglicans continued to complain that the planters who prohibited them from educating slaves on religious matters were the largest hindrance to saving African American souls. small-arm racism was strengthened and slaves were unable to purify their social status by conforming to white European-American values, very few blacks found the Christian message Anglicans bundled with them appealing . Anglican churches maintained strict separation of privileged and poor, white and black, during services and sacraments.The high-church emphasized that learned men alone were authorized to teach and that blacks would list without questioning and to accept the extension of their temporal message and isolation from whites into the religious sphere. Under these terms, it is I am not surprised that Christianity failed to take root as a meaningful religion, a spiritual world that Africans wanted to live in. But it is essential to recognize the affair of whites in shaping the message that Africans were allowed to hear, and the role specifically of slaveholders in excluding blacks from access to Christianity.That blacks expressed their agency in rejecting this early version of Christianity offered to them. . At the same time Anglicans were confused over their lack of triumph in the Southern mainland, Moravians made a significant impact on blacks in the Caribbean by bringing a assorted vision of a Christian community. Moravians, Methodists, Separate Baptists, and a few other missionaries in the late 18th and early 19th centuries who sought out African Americans stressed spiritual, if not always worldly, equality.Africans identified with and embraced images of a savior who had suffered like they did, and joined these Christian images with African musical modes of looking at to create spirituals that reminded Jesus been down to de mire/ You must stem low to de mire (Stuckey, 139). However, you must finally accept Christianity as an affirmation of their lowly place in society and a divine exhortation to fealty and docility, as many white slaveholders had hoped they would.Rather, blacks found opportunities at biracial revival meetings which were meetings held at locations most often church, in which slaves and blacks were black would interpret what they he ard and to share their divinely inspired interpretations of Christian combine, even from pulpits. During this critical period when a significant portion of blacks in the Caribbean and American South were first offered Christianity, they distinctly pick out it and transformed it into something that was their own.After the period of revivals that first sparked wide-scale conversions in the South, many African-Americans focused on building a community in which they could support one other and worship in their own African-influenced style. Local black congregations extended their religious community, most notably with the founding of the African Methodist Episcopal Church in1816. As an institution spanning several states, the A. M. E.Church allowed blacks to take part at different levels in a collective, hierarchical social system as had never beforehand been possible under American slavery. blacks continued to participate as minorities in biracial congregations (still with segrega ted seating) in most parts of the south and the expanding frontier, but found fewer opportunities to break ordained preachers or lay leaders in mixed parishes, where they were likely only to be allowed to exercise the gift, provided they teach sound doctrine sic under the approval of whites (Frey & Wood, 166).In the creation of their own religious communities in which no whites were present to criticize overemotional black forms of religious verbiage and persisting practices, such(prenominal) as polygamy and dancing, African-Americans actively designed a spirituality that fulfilled their needs in the slave societies of the Americas. African-American religiosity was then, as it is now, touch on on extended and expanding families and households, the importance of self-determination and personal dignity, mutual aid, and shared responsibility for the progress of the race (Hortons, xi).In my opinion, African agency is most clearly supported by evidence of Africans defining their faith , modes of worship, and religious ties as part of a larger emerging African-American culture. Change was a relentless accompaniment of life for Africans in 18th and 19th century America, most tragically present in enslavement and removal from Africa and domestic trade within the Americas that skint up families as masters bought and sold property.Outside the personal struggles of individual slaves, the changes in ideology and society wrought by the era of the American vicissitude exposed Africans and their descendents to evolving external ideas about their place within American society, their rights as humans, and their needs as spiritual beings. Religion was one of the few arenas in which African-Americans could command the changes in their individual lives and their culture as a whole. Evolving religious traditions provided individuals over generations with a source of spiritual renewal and a supportive community and prepared an institution that could serve future generations.T he long and turbulent transition from African forms of religiosity to African-influenced forms of Protestantism shows that black Americans created, out of all religious ideas and structures available to them, a faith that was their own. Question3 The musical selections in this section come from Africa and the Americas. Some are examples of the preservation of traditional musical styles others are examples of the adaptation of traditional modes of expression to modern styles. Prevalent in each performance is the use of either percussion instruments such as drums or singing in groups or by soloists.How do these musical selections exemplify a common African musical aesthetic, i. e. rhythmic syncopation, call-and-response, melodic constructions, vocal colors, in both traditional and contemporary expressions? African leap has contributed many characteristics to bounce in America. We see evidence of this in many aspects of dance today. Being such a diverse nation, America has the favou rable reception of combining original dances from different cultures to create an amazing dance repertoire. American dance as we know would be completely different, if it werent for the Africans.African dance began with the different rhythms of the tribes. Its roots in America began with the slave trade. The American slave trade began in 1619, (However, Africans were imported as slaves to the West Indies staring intimately a century before that) with the arrival of Dutch trading ships carrying a cargo of Africans to Virginia. They were first brought over by boat to places such as Brazil, Cuba, and Haiti. Eventually different countries end up taking over those nations and slaves fall under their rule.In Brazil, the Portuguese take over, in Cuba the Spanish take over, and in Haiti, the French take over. The retaining of African culture by those in slavery was stronger in the other nations than in America, as the Spanish and French rulers adhered to the more lenient view of dancing ta ken by the Catholic Church. In America, the Protestant church strongly disapproved of dance. thitherfore, dances that occurred in the West Indies, Brazil, Haiti and Cuba retained more of the African dance structure, than those in America did. Those dances can be classified as recreational or sacred.An example of a recreational dance is the Juba, which was a competitive dance where opponents would outdo each other in feats of skill, sometimes while balancing something on their head. Sacred dances were based on the worship of religious gods. The goal of the dance was for the dancer to become possessed by the god so that it would speak through the dancer. Two examples are voodoo and Shango dances. Traces of the African religious practice of possession, or disengaging from reality through the combined effects of music and dance, can be detected in the appeal of some forms of jazz dance.In America, the dance movement of Africa was restrained generally by two factors the attitude of the church towards dancing as being immoral and the restricted use of the primary African instrument (the drum). Drumming was illegalize in 1739 follo propagation a slave insurrection. White plantation owners responded by banning all drums and that forced slaves to search for other percussion options. They substituted with banjos, clapping hands, stom turkeyping feet, and the fiddle. Dances that occurred on the Plantations were for recreation and religious earths as well as.Because of the European influence in America, the movement gave a distinct American appearance, rather than a strictly African one. Many dances imitated animals. There were also circle dances and dances for celebrations. Another category that emerged was competitive dances. The most well cognise one was the cakewalk. The slaves had witnessed their owners dancing festivities and imitated their stiff upper bodies while contrasting it with undo leg movements. The owners enjoyed watching this and gave a cake to the best dancer.The observation of African dancing by the whites led to them stereotyping the dancing slave. They began to blacken their faces and imitate them using such indigenous movements as the shuffle. The imitation dances by whites started an era of American entertainment based on the stereotype on the dancing Negro. onwards the Civil War, professional dancers were mostly white, with the exception of William Henry Lane. He was also known as Master Juba and was a freeborn slave thought to be the best dancer in the World. He had lived in Manhattan where the Irish immigrants also lived.His dancing was a combination of Irish jig dancing and African rhythm, scarcely like the slaves who were forced to compete with the Irish migrant workers aboard the ships. Both his movements and the Nigerian slaves are said to be the start of tap dance. Minstrelsy was also a popular form of entertainment in America from 1845 1900. The Minstrel show was a group of male performers that portrayed the N egro as either dumb and shuffling or sharply dressed and quick moving. The minstrel show proved prominent in spreading vernacular dances like the cakewalk and jig dancing on a wide scale.The next major change after minstrelsy came with the birth of ragtime music and ballroom dancing after 1910. A bunch of animal dances were seen in white ballrooms. Examples were the Turkey Trot, and Chicken Scratch. The invasion of ballrooms with native inspired dances set the stage for the same mathematical operation to occur on Broadway. Zeigfield borrowed some of these dances for his Follies. Social dance became introduced on the theatrical stage. The big aspect being borrowed wasnt the actual dances, but their swinging qualities. In 1921, Shuffle on featured a jazz inspired dance called the Charleston.It left the audience with a lot of energy and a new respect towards black dancing. slant was now also brought to white audiences and the musical comedies took on a new, more rhythmic life. In t he late 1920s, jazz inspired songs replaced the popular white standards and America accepted Jazz music as its own. Louis Armstrong was a big part of the creation of swing music. It was a style of jazz music that emphasized African influenced rhythm and was played by big bands. Faster and sharper footwork came about and the Lindy was the new dance craze.It incorporated the shuffle and glide and buck and wing movements from early African dances. The Lindy was significant for starting jazz dance styles used in later musicals. It also gave the opportunity for white choreographers to experience African swing. Jazz music and dancing slowed down in popularity after WWII. Technology and music were evolving. The beat became more complex and musicians like Charlie Parker and Dizie Gillespie explored more with improve. The overall result was, jazz music became something more to listen to rather than to dance socially.The advent of Television in the 1950s also kept people at home instead of on the dance floors. African American dance became more of an artistic expression than a social means. Professional companies and dancers restored early African rhythms and the bag and emotion of their traditional songs, including Catherine Dunhams Shango, Alvin Aileys Revelations and Bill T. Jones Uncle Toms Cabin. In the past 50 years, African American dance has been rich in innovations as well as connections with the past. The definition of professional dance has broadened beyond ballet, modern, and jazz.Popular and social dances, including the urban black dance forms of break dancing and hip-hop have been recognized for their artistry and expressiveness. Dance created and performed by African Americans has become a permanent part of American dance. Every dancer and almost every person in America, in one way or another has danced steps that resemble early African polyrhythmic movements. Personally, I think the dance World in America could no have flourished as well as it did witho ut its African influences. since the slave trade the drum has been used all over the world as a means of communication and self expression.Its broad variety of users includes the early African tribes, using them for ceremonial purposes. The Africans brought drums with them to the Americas and helped to develop their popularity among American musicians. In the mid 1900s drum sets were brought about. These revolutionary collaborations of percussive pieces started off with a pair of hi-hats, a bass and snare drum, and a geminate of tom toms. Later as the music progressed, so did the drum kits, completely eliminating the need for an entire drum section.With the coming of the rock and roll movement the drum kits were changing, they involve to accommodate the new music styles. They became sonically diverse and even electronic drums were brought about making them infinitely adjustable both ergonomically and musically. With every major drum producer competing to have the best product on the market drums will always be evolving. African American musicians and early slaves choose to use drums as a common form of expression because of the deep bass that was used to duplicate heart beat and thunder.The sound waves for open ended and string instruments is fairly uncoiled forward. However, for a closed end instrument, such as a drum, the sound waves are different. A lot of the energy is dissipated through the shell of the drum, which is the reason for the variance in drum construction these days. Many different kinds of wood are used to generate different sounds, or a different tally of energy absorption. For a warmer, deeper sound maple construction is used while birch is used to get a high, resonant tone full of vibration. The heaviest wood that dissipates the most amount of energy is oak, creating a lower, flat sound.Question1 I believe that Egypts economic progress over the last decade is a great example of showing how They have come a long way and are still vastly improving. Egypt is the third-largest economy in the Middle vitamin E and North Africa region (after Saudi Arabia and Israel), as well as one of the strongest, with significant potential for future economic growth and diversification. With a real perpetration to economic reform, which favors a large privatization program and the encouragement of private investment and growth. The improvement in gold coast is evident in how their country has such a diverse economy.The Gold Coast was renamed gold coast upon independence in 1957 because of indications that present-day inhabitants descended from migrants who moved south from the ancient kingdom of Ghana. By West African standards, Ghana has a relatively diverse and rich natural resource base Mineralsprincipally gold, diamonds, manganese ore, and bauxiteare produced and exported. Exploration for oil and gas resources is ongoing. Timber and leatherneck resources are grievous but declining resources. Agriculture remains a mainstay of the economy, accounting for more than one-third of GDP and about 55% of formal employment. property crops consist primarily of cocoa and cocoa products, which typically provide about one-third of export revenue, timber products, coconuts and other palm products, shear nuts , and coffee. Ghana also has established a successful program of nontraditional agricultural products for export including pineapples, cashews, and peppers. Cassava, yams, plantains, corn, rice, peanuts, millet, and sorghum are the basic foodstuffs. Fish, poultry, and meat also are important dietary staples. Ghanas industrial base is relatively advanced compared to many other African countries.Industries include textiles, apparel, steel (using scrap), tires, oil refining, flour milling, beverages, tobacco, simple consumer goods, and car, truck, and bus assembly. Industry, including mining, manufacturing, construction and electricity, accounts for about 25% of GDP. I strongly believe that since Ghana and Egypt hav e improved so vastly it is helping African Americans improve in general, the grammatical construction We come from a long line of kings and queens is such a truthful statement if you look back on history. We have a lot of ancestry that lies within Ghana and Egypt.With the knowledge of the past it will help us to continue realize our past and bring us to terms with the future. We can reverse the process by not letting people hold us back and to not blame others. I also believe that strong knowledge of Ghana and Egypt and Mali, will also further our culture by being educated and not told how our past was. There are a lot of invention by many great African Americans that most people do not know that black inventors were behind the idea, not that is matters that a black or a white person constructed or came up with an idea for a patent, it is essential that we are have contributed just as many things if not more than any other culture.There have been so many contributions to society to western civilization and I feel it is so important that we surround our selves with knowledge of our ancestors because they worked hard to get us to the point today where we are able to vote and the possibility of a black president. The saying that we come from a long line kings and queens is so powerful because it shows you that black really is beautiful and if you retrace our ancestors you will find out that our people were just as important as kings and queens.Lewis Temple was the inventor of a whaling harpoon called the Temples Toggle and the Temples Iron. He was born in Richmond, Virginia in 1800 and arrived in New Bedford, Massachusetts in 1829. He worked as a blacksmith and had lots of friends that were whalers who bought harpoons and had lots of conversations with them. Granville T. Wood was known as the black Edison. Woods was born in Columbus, Ohio on April 23,1856. He never finished elementary schooltime and he worked in a form shop at a very young age. He moved to Mi ssouri in 1872 at the age of sixteen.By 1881 he opened a factory in Cincinnati, Ohio and manufactured telephone, telegraph and electrical equipment. He filed for his first application for a patent in 1884 for an improved steam-boiler furnace. Woods patented the telographony , a combination of the telegraph and the telephone. He produced one of his most important inventions in 1887, it was called the Synchronous Multiplex Railway Telegraph. It enabled messages to be sent from moving trains and railways stations. In 1890 he set out to improve the lighting system by creating an efficient safe economical dimmer.It was safer and and resulted in 40% energy savings. Woods also created an operating cost conducting system for electrical railways and the electrified third rail. By the time of his death in 1910 he had 150 patents awarded to him all together. Lewis H. L was a pioneer in the outgrowth of the electric light bulb. He was also the only black member of the Edison Pioneers, a grou p of inventors and scientists who worked with Thomas Edison. He was born in Chelsea, Massachusetts in 1848 and was raised in Boston. He enlisted in the Navy and served as a cabin boy on the U. S. S Massaoitta the age of sixteen.Latimer was given the assignment to mass plans for Alexander Graham Bells telephone patent . In 1879 Latimer went to work as a draftsman for Hiram Maxim, who invented the machine gun and headed the electric lighting company. Latimer worked on improving the quality of the carbon filament used in the light bulb. In 1882 he received a patent for an improved process for manufacturing carbon filaments. Gerrett is best remembered for his invention of the gas mask and the three way traffic signal. Mogan was born on March 4,1875 in Paris, Kentucky. He left school after fifth grade at the age of fourteen.He left Kentucky and headed for Cincinnati, Ohio and got a job as a handy man in a sewing shop. Morgan directed his attention to the frequent instances of firemen be ing overcome by fumes and thick smoke when they went into burning buildings. He perfected breathing craft which he patented in 1914. In 1923morgan patented an automatic traffic signal which he sold to the General Electric Company for four molarity dollars. In 1963 Garrett A. Morgan died at ht age of 88 in Cleveland, Ohio after he was ill for two years. Just to name a few ,those were a couple of major contributors to the African American culture and western civilization.

Defining Moment in a Career Essay

2.Describe a defining moment in your experience. How did it significantly impact you?There was a particular incident where I had a tough time making a decision. One of my team members from a mission unfavorable project wanted to return to India as he had a somebodyal emergency. He wanted to sort this out as it had begun to impact his work.I had learnt that peace & happiness in personal front go away reflect into your professional world entirely till this incident I never stood up for such(prenominal) cases. But this time I decided to discuss the issue with my supervisor. To my surprise, he was more concerned astir(predicate) the $ losses and losing credibility with the customer. He out rightly rejected this. But I wasnt convinced with the supervisors approach and decided to discuss with the client directly leveraging my personal rapport. The node was empathetic and was willing to let go of him after a week of overlap with a untried person. While this action of mine got me int o the good books of my team members it made a seamless entry into the braggy books of my supervisor which had a direct impact on my performance rating.I felt dejected but beside this entire scenario I was convinced I was right in my actions and this was my defining moment where I stood up for what I believed in and I continue to do so till today. Meanwhile the new person had picked up job very well and the project had no impact because of this change.

Bloodless Surgery

Bloodless Surgery Type the document subtitle Michael J singles Abstract at that place have been umpteen court cases that has made, advert who deny their child wrinkle transfusion, to have to affirm one. Most age the courts will grimace with the p atomic number 18nts, just now if their termination not to is life threatening, the court side with the hospital. Most cartridge clips it is for religious reasons that parent siret want their child to have blood transfusion. There are m any(prenominal) an(prenominal) happens associated with blood transfusion, or so parents dont want to take that risk. Some of the diseases you gage get are hepatitis B and hepatitis C.human immunodeficiency virus and AIDS cornerstone also be contracted through blood transfusion. It can even function to death of a recipient. Is it ethical for parents to chose for their churls not to have blood transfusion. There is an alternative to blood transfusion. There are many tools and techniques to p revent the need for blood transfusion. Many doctors today are moving much towards white-hot surgery. The proceeds of blanched surgery can be largely due to the number of masters Witness patients. It is beneficial for both the patient and the hospital. More cost powerful and faster rec on the whole overy.I will talk about how preoperative readying is important for a successful bloodless surgery. I will touch on technique like prison cell savaging and Norm early(a)mia. Also introduce you to a chill tool called Cyber-Knife. I will show how masters Witnesses and their Hospital Liaison Committee military service my family when it came to bloodless surgery. Blood transfusions have been known to have many dangers. In most cases the cons outweighs the pros, causing many people to consider alternative measures. Today one of the most innovative and effective alternatives is bloodless surgery.In the event that you are faced by such a challenging yet important decision such a surgery , allow me to enlighten you on some of the statistics, procedures and benefits of bloodless surgery to assist you in making an informed decision. As we look at some of the dangers that are associated with blood transfusion aboard modern methods, equipment and benefits of bloodless surgery. We will see how these procedures have progressed over the years, and how the increase in practice session of bloodless surgery can be attributed to a small group of people known as masters Witness.Witnesses as patients will not accept blood transfusion, under any circumstances. This has ca utilize doctors to look for other solutions. The reasons wherefore you should use bloodless surgery are the risk associated with blood transfusion. transfusions have been used for over fifty years in clinical medicine. Within those fifty years it has become apparent that the risk such as infectious viruses, bacterial infections and even death has been linked to blood transfusion. Infectious viruses complic ate but are limited to blood borne pathogens like hepatitis B and C.The Blood bank reports for screened units of blood in 2007, 1 in 137,000 had hepatitis B, fewer than 1 in 1,000,000 for hepatitis C (Nagarsheth, N. P. , Sasan, F. 2009) Blood transfusions have been associated with higher relative incidence of bacterial infections. Bacterial infection was 2 percent non-transfusion patients, 15 percent for those with up to 2 units of blood personnel casualty blood cells transfused, 22 percent with three to five units of blood, and 29 percent for patients transfused with 6 or more units of blood. (Nagarsheth, N. P. , Sasan, F. 009) The more blood received in a transfusion, the more likely you are to get a postoperative infection. Many People today receive multiple transfusions. Transfusion in time develops allergenic immunization. This limits the supply of compatible blood. These numbers may seem like lottery chances, but why take the chance. Ultimately there is death. Death is not a foreign outcome of blood transfusion. Transfusion related acute lung injury or TRALI, was maiden reported in the early 90s. Its a life threading reaction following a blood transfusion.TRALI is now known to cause many deaths each year. However, experts believe that the number of death is much higher than what is reported in relation to TRALI, because many doctors are unaware of the symptoms. The cause for such a reaction is conclusive. New scientist states The blood that causes TRALI appears to come originally from people who have multiple transfusions. TRALI is the top reason for blood transfusion death in the world. ecclesiastics Witnesses have benefited greatly from their faithful course.Although their reason for not having blood transfusions are not because of the interdict reasons that derive from it, but because of their devout belief in God and the Bible. They obey scripture such as Acts 15 20 which states abstain from blood and Leviticus 7 26 you must not eat any blood. Jehovahs Witnesses respect Gods authority and has taken their stand against blood transfusions, regardless of the outcome. If you do not agree with such a point of view, lets examine the benefits to bloodless surgery and its move technology.Over the years the tools and techniques of surgery without blood transfusion has improved greatly. One tool or technique used for surgeries with a lot of blood lost is called cell salvage. This involves recovering the blood lost by a patient, cleaning it, and putting it back into the patient. This is done non-stop during surgery. Technological advances have increased system automation offering higher processing speeds and better end product. (Lawrence Goodnough. 2003 Vol. 4) Cell salvaging is also cost effective for the hospital and the patient.If there is a surgery with lots of blood lost, it is cheaper to use cell salvage than the units of blood used in a transfusion. Also the recovery time is faster reducing the time and money a patient sp ends at a hospital. How can blood loss during surgery be declineed in order to lessen the chance for need of a blood transfusion? The key is preoperative planning for a successful bloodless surgery. The first thing to be considered is the amount of red blood cell (RBC) that will lost before a transfusion is needed. This is called the transfusion threshold.Another thing that can be done before surgery is to increase the patients RBC mass. (Watchtower Bible and Track Society, 2004) RBC mass can be increased by injection of iron into the patient. Also erythropoietin(EPO). EPO is a protein hormone produced by the tiddlerneys. This synthetic hormone acts like the vivid erythropoietin found in our kidneys and stimulates the bone marrow to send new, fresh red cells into the bloodstream. (Watchtower. org)EPO is normally given 10 to 20 days before surgery. If you increase the RBC mass and lower the transfusion threshold, it allows for an even greater acceptable amount of blood loss.Norm othermia is a technique used to follow the patients body temperature during surgery. This helps keep the blood flowing properly. Managing the patient body temperature throughout the whole process reduces the surreal shock to the body which reduces the chances of incurring infection. The patient can be warmed by a thermal suit or a machine that infuses warm fluid into the body. The position can also help reduces blood loss during surgery. Local veins pressure changes depending on the field of relativity to the heart. moo pressure goes hand in hand with blood saved.Stanford University Medical Center is a pioneer in the use of bloodless surgery in neurosurgery. Without sawing into the skull or so much as cutting the scalp, they are curing patients whose brain and spine tumors were not long ago considered a death sentences. (Fillon, Mike 1997) These surgeries are possible with the use of Stanford Universitys computer mediated stereotaxis radio surgery known as the Cyber-knife. The C yber-Knife is basically a robotic x-ray gun that shots small amounts of beam into the tumor in a lot of diverse directions.This kills off the infected tissue without over exposing other parts of the body to radiation. Cyber-knife is a robotic arm that locks the radiation beam on to the tumor and constantly readjusts its aim in response to the patients natural small movement. To help doctors in providing treatment without blood transfusions, Jehovahs Witnesses have developed a helpful contact service. Presently, more than 1,400 Hospital Liaison Committees worldwide are equipped to provide doctors and researchers with medical literature from a data base of over 3,000 articles related to bloodless medicine and surgery.Not only Jehovahs Witnesses, but all patients in general today, are less likely to be given unnecessary transfusions because of the work of the Jehovahs Witnesses Hospital Liaison Committees. In many surgeries which doctors felt that a transfusion was needed. The liai son commissioning has provided them with medical literature that shows how effective EPO can be. Some did not think that it would work fast abounding to make up the amount of blood needed. A number of cases have shown how quickly EPO gets results. In one instance, on the very same day after EPO was administered, the count of new red cells was already quaternity times normal (Watchtower. org) My mother and father got to see how effective the liaison committee, and blood surgery first hand. When my brother was 16 years old, we found out that he had cancer in his knee. At that time there was no hospitals with a committee or doctor that would perform bloodless surgery on Staten Island. So the hospital liaison committee located Mount Sinai Hospital that had one doctor that did do bloodless surgery. My brother was put on EPO, and was the only patient that was.For all of the doctors this was their first time use EPO, or even doing bloodless surgery. They were extremely surprised how muc h better he was doing than the other kids that were having blood transfusions. It was really sad to see all those little kids and babies having blood pumped in to them. That is what my mother said when I was asking her about my brother surgery. She said Junior what the only kid that was up walking around, all the other kids was in their beds look like they was about to die. Two things happened to my brother. first of all he lost all his hire because of chemotherapy.He also lost his leg because that was the only port they could remove all the cancer. It is reasonable to conclude that although blood transfusion has been around for many years. With all its side effects such as, infectious viruses bacterial infections and even death. It is quickly becoming a thing of the olden With strong scriptural basis and its practical benefits, Jehovahs Witnesses have been the main reason for the growth of bloodless surgery. Today hospitals across the world implanted bloodless programs to help meet the demand for this increment number.Along with that, doctors have developed many techniques and tools in order to be successful in bloodless surgery. Techniques such as cell savaging and blood recovery and tools like the Cyber-knife. This have allowed for more cost effective surgeries, faster recovery, lower chance for infection and viruses. If ever surgery is something you have to undergo. I hope that I have persuaded you to make the right decision. References Cantrell, S. (2010). New normothermia measure heats up patient- temperature management. Healthcare Purchasing News, 34(3), 22-29.Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Fillon, M. (1997). Bloodless surgery. common Mechanics, 174(1), 48. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Goodnough, L. , Shander, A. (2003). Evolution in alternatives to blood transfusion. Hematology ledger, 4(2), 87. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Nagarsheth, N. P. , Sasan, F. (2009). Bloodless Surgery in Gynecologic Oncology. Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine, 76(6), 589-597. d oi10. 1002/msj. 20146 Watch Tower Bible and track society of Pennsylvania. (2004) Transfusion Alternatives, Document Series. Watchtower. org

Culture and Politics in Fascist Italy Essay

In The Patron State Culture and governance in Fascist Italy, Maria Susan Stone discusses the cultural policy-making under Mussolinis politics in Italy from 1922 to 1943. Specifically, she has provided a detailed study of two of the most popular showpieces of public culture during the fascist regime the reconstituted Venice Biennale and the 1932 Exhibition of the Fascist Revolution. Stone asserts that the cultural politics that happened during the fascist regime in Italy was developed in three stages.The first stage (from 1925-30) was when the Fascists worked with the established institutions of high culture. It was during this stage that the regime discovered that it could not formally sanction any one style or movement. Stone also described this stage as the time when the Fascists dealt with the social elites. The second stage (from 1931-36) was the period when they used patronage and experimentation in an lying-in to shape cultural institutions according to their specifications. This is also the period when the Fascists increasingly gained support from the mass. They achieved this by moving off from supporting traditional events aimed for social elites and supporting events aimed at the masses instead. And finally, the third stage (from 1937-43), was when they adopted a more coercive set of methods. Through flexible policy of taste and patronage, the Fascists were able to win the accord of artists and draw supporters from the higher class to the masses.The role and use of mass culture during the Fascist regime hasten always fascinated historians for the past thirty years. Stone had added to the vast researches by other prominent historians such as Walter Adamson, Philip Cannistraro, and Umberto Silva on the same topic but on a new perspective. course CitedStone, Maria Susan. The Patron State Culture and Politics in Fascist Italy. Princeton, New Jersey Princeton University Press, 1998

High-Blood Pressure Essay

In this circumstancesicular essay, I am going to attempt to inform you about the disease c tout ensembleed high occupation wardrobe. In this three to quartet page report I will discuss what causes it, how it can be traverseed and when you know it is besides high. Hopefully, after reading this piece, you will be more awargon of what high fund oblige is.To sustain with, the discommode or disease that I will be doing my report on is High air pressure also known as hypertension. The system that the disorder comes from is the cardiovascular system. The majority of times, there is no clear cause, which can be identified as the cause of the disorder. The clearest cause of why line of work pressure is high is that the arteries that the rent flows through are too small. High blood pressure is most earthy in wad whose families scram had it the same as heredity. It is also most common in males, patients who are over 35 years old, African-Americans and in women on oral contracept ives. High blood pressure is distant more common in families where other members have had this condition.Even though sometimes it is a contagious disorder, it is non always. For instance, while the incidence of high blood pressure is low in Japan, it is higher in Japanese who migrate to America. Cultural things that we do in America will affect the incidences of high blood pressure, these include Being overweight, eating high atomic number 11 diet, exercising too little, and drinking more than cardinal alcoholic drinks daily. Some of the symptoms include Calcification, cardiac arrest, chest pain, depression, diabetes, dizziness, heart attack and shortness of breath.The disorder doesnt really progress within the system. If you have high blood pressure in unity part of your system, it is most likely that you have high blood pressure in all of your system. Blood single comes from one place in your system, your heart. So if a little part of your dead body has high blood pressure, hence every blood vessel in your body should have it as well. Some people think that only at a certain level of high blood pressure should be treated. Some people also think that the higher the blood pressure, the higher the risk of suffering one of its complications. People with hypertension are encouraged to Maintain ideal body weight, reduce the consumption of sodium and maintain at least(prenominal) a modest exercise program.Ifyour blood pressure is too high, and so medications may be taken to control it. Several readings are required to test whether or not you have high blood pressure. Generally, blood pressure is said to be too high at the level of 140/90, and some therapy should be started at this level. If after the therapy, the pressure is still too high, then you should start taking medications. You cant really tell when your blood pressure is too high. champion of high blood pressures nicknames is silent killer because it can hurt you very unfit even when you dont k now you have it. The biggest problem with the treatment of high blood pressure is not a lack of knowledge, but a lack of applying our current knowledge. To dish up treat the disorder remember these key points take your medications as prescribed, Get your medications filled before they run out, and follow-up with your doctor. in that respect is a syndrome that people sometimes feel eerie about. This is called White Coat Syndrome. This is a situation where patients have a high blood pressure in the doctors office, but nowhere else. This is commonly where when someone sees a doctor he or she starts to feel tense and irritated. This is not a dreaded thing. If you have an occasional high blood pressure it is not as dangerous as when your blood pressure remains elevated all of the time.There is really no sustainion of high blood pressure. It is mostly a hereditary trait passed down from a family member. The best bet that you have to prevent the disease is to maintain an ideal body wei ght, reduce your consumption of sodium and maintain at least a modest exercise program. Doing these things will not prevent it 100%, but they might help you out for the future. Some common causes of the disease are medications, habitual alcohol use, too much season in the diet, obesity, stress and arteriosclerosis.In conclusion, I have summed up some pretty important topics in this composition. Some of the most important things that I learned are that some people dont even know when they have high blood pressure or not, what you can do to treat the disease, and what you can get it from. I think that after I have read learned all this about the disease, I will probably try to consume less sodium, maintain an ideal body weight and exercise fairlyregularly. By doing these everyday things I should be able to help myself from acquiring the disease.

Marketing Best Buy Case Essay

two-fold branding the association of two or more than already well recognized trademarks in a synergistic retail setting designed to bene checker each is 1 of the fastest growing aras in franchising. Dual Branding has become a rage in the market placeing bena, with companies realizing that isolation is not after(prenominal) all in all the surpass policy. Dual Branding is quite beneficial such thatM approximately(prenominal) line extensions capitalise on a partners brand equity. Brand extension success rates are maximized in the new market when co-branded with the reputed brand that has established in that market. Co-branding whitethorn help usage extension. flick reinforcement may take place due to co-branding. Loyalty programs increasingly include co-branding arrangements. The corpoproportionns are sacramental manduction the cost of loyalty programs hence, the promotional costs to the companies are coming down. Co-branding signals a trade marketing operation.Capitalizi ng on the synergies among a number of brands is yet an other advantage of co-branding. (blog, 2007)There are some disadvantages such as -Brand Cannibalization -Difficult to manage two various brands, due to splitting in Ad spend. -Possibility of blurring brand identity in the eyes of the consumer. -Duplication of roles of the corporates. (Kumar, 2012)Some examples of dual branding are Toyota and Lexus. The Toyota brand will introduce Safety colligate on select Toyota models, helping to bring its drivers an added peace of sound judgement. Lexus will introduce Lexus Enform with Safety Connect, a operate built on the foundation of valuable safety and security services with the added layer of more convenience-oriented features and narrow down advanced technologies. (Group, 2010) out hold back grease angiotensin converting enzymes palms and Future grass. Best Buy Co. is the largest consumer electronics retailer in Canada. It just happens that nearly of its sales are coming from its Future Shop business. A couple of years back, when it acquired Future Shop for $377 million, it was assumed the parent company would re-brand the 91 injects it purchased under the Best Buy banner, reports the Pi integrityer Press. Instead, Best Buy decided to forego conventional wisdom and operate the two competing divisions separately and in at least(prenominal) one case, putting stores directly across the street from one another. (Anderson, 2003)What did Best Buy learn from its consume with dual brand strategy in Canada? Even though it was a new experience for the Best Buy International team to appliance a dual- brand strategy it was the perfect opportunity to implement such strategy due to the situation in the Canadian market. In Canada, at that place was that one big player which was Future shop with only had 15% share therefore they knew there was a space for a second major player. The some important thing they learned is to be certain that markets often have diffe rent ways of being approached. In this case, they learned it from the dual-brand strategy they used because some(prenominal) stores Best Buy and Future Shop offered different consumer experiences.Best Buy is characterized by higher appositeness towards self- service non-commissioned sales staff greater assortment of ready- made electronics packages wider aisles and more interactive displays higher ratio of female customers, contactking to integrate products into their lifestyles customers with higher incomes and higher levels of education. Meanwhile Future shop wants to depute commissioned sales staff guiding the customer by providing customized, trusted and personalized approach tech savvy, early adopters cyphering for the best deal customer base more diverse. What they learned is that consumers stock differently, therefore implementing dual- brand strategy in Canada is a good way to increase profit (almost pronged profit in only a year) simply it is overly important to ke ep in mind that not all markets behave the same way, so it is best to study them first before implementing any strategy.How does the Best Buy situation in China differ from its situation in Canada?The costumers and the market were all different, for example in Canada they had one big competitor which end up being part of the best buy family even though they keep the name of future shop, at the end in Canada both companies handle real good the market because both were paying. In china the costumers were not palmy to convince to buy stuff in general and also when they buy the profit margins were too low, and if this wasnt difficult enough, best but had to deal with a competence of 4 more companies that in add just shore 20% of the market, being the only foreign company making them lose some market segment. One of the main information that Best Buy found was that the Chinese consumers care more about the characteristics of the product rather than the brand, so in order to deal wit h this new preferences they decide to distributed different their first local in Shanghai, the products were assorted by categories, not by brands. (Miller)Does a dual-brand strategy add Best Buy with a core competitive advantage as it expands into new global markets?We retrieve it does, because when they buy an existing company, they start learning from another approach, an inner vision about the local market they are about to invest in, then they end up being a more profitable alliance because when Best Buy enters in the market it start stealing costumers for all the companies, even the one who has an alliance with, and it end up with a bigger market share, the proportion depends of how successful is the entrance strategy. It also helps the image of the local brand in order to support the other in the early days, afterward when both are profitable they can manage the scathes easier in order to avoid cannibalization. (Miller)Product analysis.IPHONE 5.ATTRIBUTES. A remarkably sl im design that still makes room for a larger display and a hurried chip. Ultrafast wireless that doesnt sacrifice battery life. And all-new headphones designed to sound great and fit comfortably. So overmuch went into this iPhone. Thin, sleek, and very capable. Its hard to believe a phone so thin could offer so many features a larger display, a faster chip, the latest wireless technology, an 8MP iSight camera, and more. All in a beautiful aluminum body designed and made with an unprecedented level of precision. iPhone 5 measures a unspotted 7.6 millimeters thin and weighs just 112 grams.1Thats 18 percent thinner and 20 percent lighter than iPhone 4S. The only way to achieve a design like this is by relentlessly con billetring (and reconsidering) every single specific including the details you dont see.More beautiful maps. Elements in Maps are vector based, so prowess and text are incredibly detailed and panning is smooth. Use the tilt and rotate gestures to view an area, and M aps keeps the names of streets and places where they belong.Turn-by-turn navigation. When advent a turn, Maps speaks the directions, so you can watch the road. Follow along with 3D views Signs and arrows make it easy to see where youre headed. And if traffics bad, Maps offers alternative routes.Traffic info. Maps uses real-time traffic conditions to calculate your ETA. It is easy to endure details about incidents that are causing traffic jams, so people can tell if theres a major accident ahead or just a temporary slowdown.Flyover. advert the world from a whole new perspective with photo-realistic and interactive 3D views of select major metro areas. Explore like never before as you zoom, pan, and rotate around a city and its landmarks. film auspicates on tap. FaceTime works right out of the box no need to set up a special account or screen name. And using it is as easy as it gets.Better call clarity. Built-in microphones work together to provide clearer sound and reduce backg round noise. (group A. )BRANDING STRATEGYIt may be orchard apple tree season (with a small a) in many parts of the northerly Hemisphere, but globally its apple season (with a capital A). Thats because immediately apple will announce the new iPhone 5 in advance of its send. And like every other Apple launch in recent memory there will be a gorge of pre-orders and lines of eager consumers outside Apple stores as soon as it goes on sale. Why is that? Because unlike most companies, Apple actually launches its products.Were experiencing this right now with the launch of the new iPhone 5, as we have with the launch of most Apple products over the last decade. Its not just the product or the price or place or the promotion that is causing the sensation. precisely it the skillful way in which all four of these elements are orchestrated in the launch strategy that makes the offer seamless and irresistible. By investment funds in building brand equity before the launch Apple doesnt star t from a position of consumer inertia. They do the heavy lifting in advance of launch date which makes take off be so effortless. In fact, they make it look so easy we forget its marketing and patently accept it as a law of nature Apple products sell. But this phenomenon is not unique to Apple. Its available to any marketer whether you are selling pharmaceuticals or farm equipment.The key is early supplying especially when online networking (a.k.a. social media) is part of your launch strategy. (Duffy, 2012) The huge promise of the Apple brand, of course presents Apple with an large challenge to live up to. The innovative, beautifully-designed, highly ergonomic, and technology-leading products which Apple delivers are not only designed to match the brand promise, but are fundamental to keeping it. The recent emphasis on the iPhone 5s manufacturing build part and design standards reflect this importance. Apple fully understands that all aspects of the customer experience are imp ortant and that all brand touch-points must reinforce the Apple brand. Apple has expanded and improved its diffusion capabilities by opening its own retail stores in key cities around the world in up-market, quality shopping venues.Apple provides Apple macintosh-expert retail floor staff to selected resellers stores (such as Australian department store David Jones) it has entered into strategic alliances with other companies to co-brand or distribute Apples products and services (for example, HP who was selling a co-branded form of iPod and pre-loading iTunes onto consumer PCs and laptops in the mid-2000s though in retrospect this may now just have been a stepping-stone). Apple has also increased the accessibility of iPods through various resellers that do not currently widen Apple Macintosh systems, and has increased the reach of its online stores.From a brand architecture viewpoint, the company maintains a massive brand identity everything being associated with the Apple nam e, even when investing strongly in the Apple iPod and Apple iTunes products. Apples current line-up of product families includes not just the iPod and iTunes, but iMac, iBook, iLife, iWork, iPhone, iPad, and now iCloud. However, even though marketing investments around iPod are substantial, Apple has not established an i brand. While the i prefix is used only for consumer products, it is not used for a large number of Apples consumer products (eg Mac mini, MacBook, Apple TV, Airport Extreme, Safari, QuickTime, and Mighty Mouse). (group, 2013)When we see the packaging we already know what the content is going to be and what company produces it, it has a picture and the name of the phone at the very front and on the side respectively and also the apple that represents the company on another side of it. The first impression when we look at the packaging of the iphone 5 is how practical, modern, cute and easy to carry is. This small box comes in filthy or white, it is covered with a th in, see-through plastic bag. It is very small it can almost fit in our pockets. The secondary packaging, the one in spite of appearance the cardboard box is made of plastic, to protect the contents inside the charger, the usb cable and the headphones. The labels are also inside the box it brings a manual with all the instructions, very bona fide and easy to understand. The labeling presents all the information of the product, from where it was made, assembled and it shows how to use the product and the steps to follow before turning it on. (Group B. i., 2013)Since Apple has become such important and recognized brand, known for its reliable and good quality products, we can not only say apple has similar their products to clients but we can also say the client has standardized to apple, in this case to the iphone 5. Clients in many countries have adopted the iphone 5 and it is due to the many functions it offers, one basic function in order to be adopted by consumers is changing t he language of the phone. But one thing that makes apple very special is its apps. From the phone you can download applications that are very useful wherever you are. For example Maps, if you are here in Colombia, it will be useful but it will also be useful if you are in China. Anyone can download any app they want, and apple offers a lot of apps that are useful, some more than others, depending on the country.