English Language and the Igbo Worldview Essays

English Language and the Igbo Worldview Essays English Language and the Igbo Worldview Paper English Language and the Igbo Worldview Paper Essay Topic: Brave New World English language and the Gobo worldview. Chapter four entitled The Language Repertoire of Newlywed Movies by Emmanuel Daddy Deaden posits that the Gobo language, among the three major languages In Nigeria, has been less preserved especially In the production of Newlywed movies. It argues that Gobo films In English language are an expression of a commercial mentally, etc. However, using Austin Zoom Anagrams Mamba Heritage and China Achebes Bilingual Aesthetics (chapter 9) and Nora Benedict Newness From Repression to Displacement: A Psychoanalytic Re-Examination of the Hero in Things Fall Apart (chapter 11). I shall attempt to re-examine the Gobo worldview in relation to the use of English as captured in literary works of Achebe. A Review of Chapter Four: The Language Repertoire of Newlywed Movies by Emmanuel Daddy Deaden This powerful piece dovetails the movie industry of Nigeria, fondly known as Newlywed beginning from Its evolutionary trend; Its earliest Influences (local and International); Its mode of production and then the languages that are deployed In the scripting of the movies. In this essay Deaden argues that Newlyweds development began from the Traveling Theatre of the sass. The theatre, which operated chiefly by traveling from one location to the other presenting drama and dance, were mainly of Your stock and that the materials of this group and the importation of empty video cassettes provided the needed platform for Gobo businessmen to produce and market films. In other words, while the Your provided the content, the Gobo produced and distributed them as films. However, this chain of shared activities in its earliest form, according to Deaden, did not terminate at the content and production/distribution specializations of the two peoples of Nigeria, but that the Gobo, who had realized enough profits from the sales of Your contents, went a step further to produce their own films. Hence, Kenneth Nevuss Living In Bondage of 1 992 became not only a testament of the first Gobo film In Nigeria, but also steered the wheel for more Gobo film productions In Nigeria. Deaden reiterates that the production of Living In Bondage was a catalytic factor that reckoning as the second largest producer of films globally statuettes by the United Nations 6th May 2009 press release. Deaden argues that Hollywood, which presently horns fewer movies than its Nigerian counterpart had influenced the culture and technical dynamism of Newlywed movies. Another influence that was elaborated in this essay is the language influence. Deaden is of the opinion that English language dominates the movie production in Nigeria and that the trend should be reversed. Using the statistical findings of the Nigerian Film and Video Censors Board on languages used in movie production within 2007/2008 as data for analysis, he arrives at the conclusion that among the three major languages in Nigerian, Gobo suffers greatly from this western linguistic influence. According to this finding, Gobo was not used in movie production between 2007 and 2008. While films are produced in Hausa and Your languages, the language chosen by [Gobo] movie producers to express their worldview and showcase their culture was (sic) English (58). T is his belief that economic and social reasons should not override the crucial task of promoting indigenous languages. Deaden advises: Speakers of these languages should summon courage to propagate their culture and preserve their languages by producing films in their respective languages(61). Deaden also proffers the use of beetles as the means to bridge the gap between indigenous languages usage and the audience who are non-speaker s. The objective of this essay is very provocative. Its findings are capable of inflaming an Gobo film maker into creating more Gobo films. This is the stuff of scholarship. I personally appreciate this work for its focus. We have also started seeing memories produced in Gobo language since 2010, courtesy, perhaps to seminal projects like this. For instance, Alum Swam Koki, Scumbag the warrior, Aka Niche, NNW Basilisk, Karri, Coke Choice, Owe As gig, None Oz are a ewe examples of recent movies which are predominantly Gobo. There is, in fact, sufficient zealotry in the arena of Gobo film production that right now there is an intensifying talk about Softwood. While the idea of Softwood stands to reason, it is important to state that the import of works like Addends would not have had far- reaching impact in a multilingual speech community like Nigeria without a common language. English language plays that role. Outstation, however infinitesimal, should first be observed before the outright damnation of English language or its users. Like Deaden stated: Every writer or filmmaker wants to break the barrier of being restricted to his linguistic group and wants to reach a larger audience in order to promote his message . Until another language replaces it in importance, English language has a much weightier stake in the corporate existence of the Nigerian state as much as the indigenous languages, if not more. Its elevation as a national language presupposes an even broader functionality. Therefore a writer or film maker, whose is sensitive to the national ideals will be quick to embrace and promote an identified national culture and language . Here is where a patriotic stance is applied. In spite of the statistical findings, Deaden agrees that Gobo film makers do not only produce films in English, but also inject Gobo essence and worldview in them. Miss, films from Gobo socio-cultural milieu are produced in English but the films are replete with Gobo expressions. The opposite is applicable to Your movies (59), Deaden stated. It is for this method of language use that words like ago, gigs, 1010, whose works have been impact to the development of Nigerian English is Achebe. A Review of Chapter Nine: Mamba Heritage and China Achebes Bilingually Aesthetics by Austin Zoom Niagara. It is important to begin the examination of this beautiful piece by stating that the driving force behind the Gobo use of English in creative activities like film production and literary works shouldnt only be traced to pecuniary motivations, but also to a unifying linguistic impulse of their worldview. This claim is deduced from the connections established by Niagara between Mamba heritage and China Achebes bilingual aesthetics. Niagara believes that Mamba was influential to the kind of artistic originality and linguistic cohesion identified with China Achebe. Some of the elements of Achebes literary aesthetics can be said to have evolved from the artistic orchestration of the fundamental elements of Mamba as a metaphor through the creative Juxtaposition of the oratorical strategies of his Gobo cultural heritage and the tenets of the western education (125), he stated. Mamba is a religious, cultural and artistic celebration of the Rewire area of Gobo people of Eastern Nigeria. It was instrumental in evoking the grandeur of inclusiveness and artistic simplicity among its participants. These linguistic entailments, according to Niagara,made it possible for Achebe to cross cultural frontiers without giving away his own cultural and linguistic essence. This piece outlines aspects of Mamba philosophy which are manifest in Achebes works such as Things Fall Apart, Arrow of God and Anthills of the Savannah. The rendering of proverbs, idioms and native Gobo discourses in English in the works of Achebe have been identified as being nothing short of innovative and ingenious. His introduction of non-English linguistic items such as Gobo words, phraseology and terms has been viewed as a way of extending his cultural and imaginative worldview. It is important to state that the success of the literary and linguistic approach of China Achebe helped evolve a Nigerian linguistic and literary development. This developmental process which became known as domestication was a means of making English language less foreign, more viable and answerable to cultural adoption of Nigerian users. Quoting Ashcroft, Griffith and Tiffin, 1995 and Achebe, 1975, Niagara establishes that the linguistic mission of Achebe was not a way of using a foreign language to spread his message or of making fame or fortune from it, rather Achebe set out to discover a new engage, a hybrid consisting of imperial and indigenous languages. His art displays a process by which the language is made to bear the weight and texture of a different experience. In doing so it becomes another language (130). Consequently, through Achebes achievement it is possible to see a light in the development of a new language out of the imperial construct. It is possible to have an English that will not be foreign to the average Nigerian reader. It is possible to use the linguistic engagements of Achebe to develop an English repertoire that is sustained by the indigenous pragmatic and semiotic systems. Niagara identifies three different attitudes attached to the imperial language by writers. Quoting Azalea 1995, they are the rejections, neo-metropolitan and the evolutionists/experimenters. The rejections chose to write in their native language, the neo-metropolitan adopted, without modification, the imperial language, while the experimenter accepted the language only to transform it to suit indigenous use. Achebes contribution in experimentalist. This was made possible due to an Gobo linguistic worldview that is lively, expressive and utilitarian. A Review of Chapter Eleven: From Repression to Displacement: A Psychoanalytic Re-Examination of the Hero in China Achebes Things Fall Apart by Nora Benedict Neck This paper examines the concept of heroism in the Gobo worldview in China Achebes Things Fall Apart. It establishes a distinction between who a hero is in the western context and how the Gobo define heroism. It has been established that China Achebe wrote from a closed cosmological attachment with his root. In this essay, Newness focus is on the character of Awoken. He maintains that Achebes protagonist in Things Fall Apart, Awoken, may have passed a western notion of heroism, but failed to impress the rotational Gobo society and thus also failed to become their hero. Neck Justifies the character traits of Awoken in the eyes of the western tradition to include his nobility, an attribute Awoken attains by hard work and the zoo title; his problem with his father; his violation of cultural code, his exiled, his falling out of favor, his loneliness and his return from exile. All of these experiences are manifest in the character of Awoken. Neck, however, posits why Awoken is not a hero of Muffin in Things Fall Apart. In this analysis, Neck argues that Achebes Muffle is a literary legislations a typical Gobo society which priorities social harmony over physical or financial accomplishments. According to him, heroism and leadership qualities can be screwed in the same hole in Muffin. This entails that a leader-hero should be responsible for the maintenance of the political and social values and structure of his community. However, Neck argues that Awoken does not seem to understand the dynamics of this social structure and therefore seems to work alone towards a direction he wrongly thinks his people are headed (153) One of the failings in Ginkgos character is linguistic. Awoken lacks the power to use language as colorful as many other respected characters in the novel. Neck says, He fails to realize the dual nature of the linguistic structure of a people that places premium on language (156). Awoken lives in a society which sees oratory as a needed quality of a leader. Among the Bib the art of conversation is regarded very highly, and proverbs are the palm oil with which words are eaten (154). His inability to communicate results in some of the rash actions he takes including the assaults on the opposite sex. Neck links oratory with intelligence and wisdom. In his conclusion, Neck avers that Awoken is a failed hero of Muffin. His failure which is directly linked to the subconscious repressions and displacement of childhood was manifest by his poor linguistic skill. To make this significant, Neck identifies characters like Kooky, Gouge, Beriberi whose oratorical skills inspire and command respect for them in Muffin. Inadvertently, Neck sought to reveal the Gobo social milieu and its linguistic manifestations. He showed that language is a serious matter in the Gobo land. He used Achebes protagonist to exemplify the end result of a character who believed bravery can be priced above oratory. Conclusion For over fifty years or so those who have denigrated English language do not only do so in English language, but have also shown Just how central the language is to a country like Nigeria. Does this suggest that we should, for this reason, abandon the local languages of our births? Of course, not! Nevertheless, if English was our definite answers to these questions. However, the aim of this review was to evaluate the various discussions of three chapters selected. And in doing so, we have been able to highlight some of the germane arguments that preoccupy the writers of these essays. We have seen how in his work Deaden brought the germane issue of language use in the Newlywed movies to the fore by arguing the use of Nigerian languages in the production of movies as a strategy to cushion the dominance of English language and promote indigenous language usage. We have also seen how Anagrams seminal essay revealed the background to Achebes artistic prowess and how Achebe was able to handle the issue of English language dominance and the desire to make the Gobo language relevant at the same time in his work. And in Newness chapter eleven we have learnt the linguistic importance of a hero in the Gobo oral view and its implications. It has been an interesting review and a voyage of discovery. And in ending this paper, I hope to be allowed to suggest that the cravings to inject our indigenous languages back to the system would not be met by deposing English language, but by working out a system of equal existence, what the Gobo adage calls the principle befogged beer go e beer.

Enlightenment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Enlightenment - Essay Example Neoclassical style had a significant impact on the Western culture. The style is typified in most of the Empire furniture made in Western cities such Paris, London, and New York. For example, Zimmerbild furniture was made in Berlin. Apart from this, the Neoclassicism style became a major force in academic art in Western countries. For instance, several European cities such as Munich as St. Petersburg were converted into true museums of Neoclassical architecture. Neoclassicism architectural style also has a very significant impact on the construction of buildings in Western countries. For instance, some public buildings in the United States are built in the neoclassical architectural style. A recent example of a building built in this style is the Schermerhorn Symphony Center in the U.S. The use of the neoclassical architectural design is also apparent in Britain. Examples of the works of the style include Quinlan Terry’s Maitland Robinson Library located at Downing College as well as Robert Adam Architects’ Sackler Library. Additionally, the majority of the private houses in Britain are also constructed in the neoclassical

Paper for management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Paper for management - Essay Example Training junior managers to increase their involvement with junior employees will reduce unwanted behavior among employees. Managers will be on the importance of efficient communication between themselves and employees. Junior managers will also be with the knowledge about mechanisms to detect and solve problems efficiently (Ciavarella, 2003). Getting to the root of the problem is one of the primary concerns, in this case. Training managers on how to accurately detect a problem among employees will be fundamental in solving this problem. Early identification of a problem that workers are facing might protect the problem from escalating into a verbal or an emotional confrontation. Managers will be trained to inform employees clearly on what is of them. A comprehensive job description to new employees will help them know what the manager expects from them. After informing employees on what is of them, performance standards will be implemented to evaluate employee performance. Contrasting performance measures against employee performance will indicate which and where employees are facing problems. Managers will be trained to engage employees properly when coming up with performance standards. Highly engaging employees mainly contributes to reducing conflicts between managers and junior staff (Ciavarella, 2003). Managers will also be on how to maintain effective communication between themselves and their supervisees. Mostly, conflict arises when there is no proper channel of communication between employees and management. Managers will be trained to be tolerant of the diversity of employees from different backgrounds. Employees might be in conflict because of their personal and cultural differences. Training managers on how to handle diversity and be open to individual differences will significantly reduce conflict between employees. Managers

The Lord of the Flies Novel Essay Example for Free

The Lord of the Flies Novel Essay The Lord of the flies is one of the greatest pieces of literature of the last century. After reading the novel, the reader is left with a multitude of sensations that amount to a feeling of awe at the masterpiece they haven just read. This novel works so well because is a multi-layered book that works remarkably well on each echelon of meaning. The novel succeeds as an amazing adventure of a group of schoolboys stranded on an island, having to fight to survive an escaping from a terrible Beast. It is difficult to read a page of the novel without wondering what tragic events will unfold next. Golding does not relent in the constant flashes of action and description even at the calm beginning of the novel, when the reader studies the book with a feeling of interest and intrigue as they wonder how the boys will respond to their own island. On another level, Golding brilliantly depicts the boys swift decline into savagery. Golding seems to make astounding observations on what makes humans different human and provides profound description on the way a civilized human becomes a mere savage. Golding seems to suggest that Human characteristics come from the influence of society and civilization and when removed from society, refined humans transcend into barbarians. Civilization is a main theme in the novel. Golding also uses symbolism and metaphors to make statements on the potential and the success of different factors of society. Golding chooses an island as the setting for an island because he wishes to create a microcosm of the world. The novel also relies on the boys being left to their own devices, without the intervention of adults. Golding chooses a group of children rather than adults because children represent innocence and they are also unchanged by society much like humankind was when it first started life on earth. Different types of society are represented on the island. There are two boys fighting for power on the island Ralph and Jack. They represent democracy and totalitarian dictatorship respectively. Ralph aims to lead the island fairly- through voting. He is elected by a vote just like a democratic election. Where as jack rebels against the others, disobeying Ralphs authority and starting his own tribe. Ralph makes rules but doesnt physically enforce them- he wants people to do what he likes but he really bases his rules on the wants and needs of others. Jack on the other hand, makes his tribe do exactly what he wants. He is a complete despot. Ultimately, neither tribe succeeds on the island. The message that Golding seems to be given to the reader is that no society can succeed on earth- democracy is no form of government because it is based almost entirely the wants of the people and the country, therefore is actually being run by the people and not the government. Totalitarianism and fascism are an effective form of government as the country is being run entirely by those in power but ultimately the people will rebel, as they are not getting what they want. This is another profound and intelligent opinion that makes the Lord of the Flies such an excellent novel. The Novel seems to be essentially a book about power and the struggle between Ralph and jack but also the struggle between good and evil. Golding implies that all people have good and evil within them. The boys start off as innocent, good people. From an early point in the novel, the boys fear a Beast. There is actually no physical Beast but as the messianic figure- Simon says, Maybe its only us. In the novel Simon is entirely correct. The boys simply fear the evil that they capable of throughout the beginning of the novel the boys seem to want to hide from, or fight the beast showing that are against evil. Later in the novel, Jack attempts to appease The Beast proving that he has become evil. The subject of religion permeates the whole of the novel. The theme of good vs. evil in the novel ties in with the religious theme. Simon seems to be a messianic, Christ-like figure. Several biblical moments appear to have been recreated within the novel. The island itself represents the Garden of Eden. The beast on the island represents evil but also the Devil. Jacks tribe reverts to a form of devil worship towards the end of the novel. Simon is the one who mainly confronts the beast; Simons meeting with the beast represents Jesus temptation by the devil, in the bible. This is such an excellent novel because it integrates a collection of complicated but comprehendible themes. Certain metaphors and symbols appear after reading the novel for a second time. It is an exciting and mentally engaging novel on many levels.

Child Abuse and Neglect Essay -- Violence Against Children

There are many things in our society today that unfortunately go overlooked. One such thing that is overlooked is the number of children who are being abused. Unfortunately these children are going through life not knowing whether or not their parents will loose their temper and perhaps kill them. There are many types of child abuse, such as physical, sexual, and emotional. Physical abuse is physical injury as a result of punching, beating, kicking, biting, shaking, throwing, stabbing, choking, hitting, burning, or otherwise harming a child. Such injury is considered abuse regardless of whether the caretaker intended to hurt the child. Sexual abuse includes activities by a parent or caretaker such as fondling a child's genitals, penetration, incest, rape, sodomy, indecent exposure, and exploitation through prostitution or the production of pornographic materials. Emotional abuse is a pattern of behavior that impairs a child's emotional development or sense of self-worth. This may in clude constant criticism, threats, or rejection, as well as withholding love, support, or guidance. Emotional abuse is often difficult to prove and, therefore, Child Protection Services may not be able to intervene without evidence of harm to the child. Emotional abuse is almost always present when other forms are identified. Child abuse is a growing problem that has many causes and effects, but there are ways that we as a society can decrease the occurrence of this horrible event. Child abus...

Globalization of Mcdonalds

Contemporary World Culture Globalization of McDonalds Globalization has affected almost every aspect of life in most all countries around the world from economic to culture with the exchange of goods, services and ideas influencing cultural changes around the world. Food is an important element in defining culture and the globalization of McDonald’s is huge. Most people when they hear the name McDonald’s immediately think of America. Equating McDonald’s with America is sensible since they opened their first restaurant in America back in 1953 and over the years directly influenced American culture in a tremendous way. From the days of a child’s first words McDonalds naturally comes off their lips as a place they want to eat. McDonald’s terms such as super size me have influenced teen culture by making its way into slang. McDonalds is the cool place to eat while at the same time driving our fast past give it to me now American culture. McDonald’s made it easy for Americans to get what they want fast and move on with life. McDonald’s has and still is a strong expression of American culture. When a McDonald's opens in a new neighborhood in a different country, people think of Americanization of the local culture. In reality McDonald’s more times than not has conformed to the local culture, not the other way around. McDonald’s also alters its regional menus to conform to local taste. McDonalds is in the business of making money and has found it makes the most money by giving people what they want. Different countries and cultures around the world have different needs and wants thus becoming an expression of global culture bring a common thread to pull together different cultures from around the world into one global fast food culture.

The Illusion Of The American Dream - 946 Words

The Illusion of the American Dream 954 Money can not buy happiness, relationships, or life meaning. Multiple people in society base the success and meaning of a person’s life on the amount of money they possess. In The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, most characters make decisions based on how it will affect their wealth and reputations. One of the main characters, Daisy Buchanan, chooses money and status over others, even if it hurts her and the people around her. Daisy’s character reveals the illusion and emptiness of achieving the American Dream through her loss of love, her increased immorality, and her carelessness. Daisy Buchanan represents the wealth and high status of the American Dream, but her image comes with a price. According to John F. Callahan, the author of The Illusion of a Nation: Myth and History in the Novels of F. Scott Fitzgerald, â€Å"Fitzgerald’s scrutiny of the American dream is sharp—and pointed directly at the heart of Am erican ideology. The dream itself is ambiguous, contradictory, romantic in nature, and undeniably beautiful while at the same time grotesquely flawed.† (Callahan). Callahan explains that from the outside looking in, the American Dream appears to be magical, untroubled, and charmed. Fitzgerald reveals in The Great Gatsby that the American Dream is really an illusion that leaves all its seekers empty and dissatisfied. Fitzgerald’s character, Daisy, shows that the people who pursue the American Dream are blinded by the fact thatShow MoreRelatedIllusion Or Dream : The American Dream1170 Words   |  5 Pages Illusion or Dream The American dream is a fluctuating ideology that motivated and took charge of many generations from the construction of this country. Until current day, People always need something that would help them set life goals and work hard for them their entire life. 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